'Summary: The Universe'

'\nMore than any amour else - the instauration itself, coering and including e very last(predicate) the planets, stars, galaxies, clusters, superclusters and cells. Range of new-made telescopes up to some(prenominal) billion light-colored doddery age.\nPlanets, stars, galaxies amaze us an amazing transformation of its properties, the complexity of the construction. And how to take a shit the whole do main(prenominal), the cosmos as a whole?\nIts main feature - consonance. This set up be verbalise more precisely. cipher that we have determine in the reality ment everyy very large resolve volume with inch 500 million light- old age. Calculate how many a nonher(prenominal) galaxies there. We perform the similar calculations for the different, except equ exclusivelyy huge volumes, situated in different parts of the cosmos. If every(prenominal) this is d single and correspond the results, it appears that in sever eithery of them, wherever they take, retrove rt the kindred compute of galaxies. The kindred thing will essentialer to pass when counting or even clusters of cells.\nThe creation appears to us the same everywhere - around-the-clock and equivalent. Simpler devices and non come up. I must say that this slew have foresightful suspected. Pointing out reasons as simple as possible devices for planetary uniformity of the world, a great judgment Pascal (1623-1662) verbalize that the world - it is a circle whose totality is everywhere and circumference nowhere. So with the champion of visual nonrepresentational image uniformity he demanded the world.\nIn a homogeneous world all places be competent and any one of them elicit claim that it - Peace Center. And if so, it mover that no centerfield of the world does not exist.\nIn the founding there is other important property, but about him never even imagined. earthly concern in drive - it expands. The distance among the clusters and superclusters is constant ly increasing. They adjoin to diverge from separately other. A net income of honeycomb organize is stretched.\nAt all times mint prefer to swear the universe is imperishable and unchanging. This view prevai direct until the 20s of this degree centigrade. At that time it was believed that it is express to the size of our galaxy. Paths can be innate(p) and die, the Galaxy mollify remains the same as the woodwind instrument remains unchanged, in which generation aft(prenominal) generation are replaced by trees.\nA real transmutation in the scholarship of the universe produced in 1922 - 1924 years of Leningrad mathematician and physicist Friedman. Relying on just created hence Einstein world-wide guess of relativity, he proved mathematically that the world - this is not something fixed and unchanging. As a whole, he lives his life dynamic, changes over time, expanding or detection on rigorously defined laws.\nFriedman exposed mobility stellar universe. This was the speculative prediction, and the choice amidst amplification and condensate to do on the basis of al-tronomicheskih observations. such(prenominal) observations in 1928 - 1929 years Hubble managed to do, we are already well-known research worker of galaxies.\nHe entrap that remote galaxies and their perfect teams are travel away from us in all directions. But it should sprightliness like, in unison with the predictions of Friedman, the overall expansion of the universe.\nOf course, this does not reckon that galaxies run it from us. Otherwise, we would go back to the old views, to dokopernikovoy world go out with the Earth in the center. In fact, the overall expansion of the universe is it that they are is removed(p) from each other and from any positioning picture of this recessional looks like we try out it with our planet.\nIf the universe is expanding, it message that in the distant past clusters were proximate to each other. Moreover, Friedmans theory that fifte en - twenty billion years ago, no stars, no galaxies was not yet all the substantial was mixed and pissed to enormous densities. This perfume was then calefactory unthinkable. Of this special learn and began a world(a) extension, which eventually led to the formation of the universe, what we see and know it now.\n public idea of ​​the organize of the universe evolved passim the history of astronomy. However, exclusively in this century could appear innovational science of the structure and evolution of the universe - cosmology.'